外部齿轮泵

Kwadalwa ngo 05.13

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① Iphampu yegear ye-low pressure iyisakhiwo sezingxenye ezintathu esinephethini yephampu, isikhala, kanye nephethini yephampu (Fig. K). Iphairi leziqephu ezifakwe esikhumbeni 3 ziqhutshwa yi-shaft yokushayela 5. Izikhala zokukhulula B zicutshungulwa ezindaweni zenkanyezi ezisemaceleni kwesikhala 3, futhi uwoyela ophuma ebusweni bokugcina besikhala ubuyela emkhakheni wokuthola uwoyela ngalesi sikhala sokukhulula B, ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo we-axial we-bearing odalwe uwoyela ocindezelwe ebusweni bokuhlangana kwesikhala kanye nekhava yokugcina, futhi kuncishiswe umthwalo wesikhwama. Isikhala sokukhulula uwoyela E kumakhava aphezulu naphansi ephampu singaqeda inkinga yokubamba uwoyela lapho iphampu isebenza. Imikhono a, C no-D ingathumela uwoyela ophuma ngokuqondile futhi iwukhiphe uwoyela obhucungayo emkhakheni wokuthola uwoyela, ukuze i-sealing ring 6 ye-shaft yokudlulisa ibe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukusetha ipayipi lok leaking elihlukile.

Ity ndaba yephampu ayinayo i-radial force balance device; i-axial clearance imisiwe, i-axial clearance kanye nokuvuza kwayo kuzokhula ngenxa yokwanda komthwalo wokusebenza, ngakho kunzima ukuthola ukusebenza okuphezulu kwevolumetric, ngakho le ndlela ingasetshenziswa kuphela kwi-gear pump ye-pressure ephansi (ngokuvamile i-rated pressure ingaphansi kwe-12MPa). I-CB-B yephampu ye-external gear yasekhaya ingeyale ndaba yephampu, futhi i-rated pressure yayo ingu-2.5MPa.

② 图m的高压齿轮泵显示了带有“8”形浮动轴套的齿轮泵结构。齿轮5由带锥形轴延伸的传动轴4驱动。“8”形补偿区A1的浮动轴套6被壳体1和两个同心密封环2与齿轮包围。压力油从高压油导孔B引入，并作用于“8”形补偿区A1。泄漏油孔a可以将内部泄漏油引入油吸入腔。当泵启动或无负载且油压尚未建立时，O型圈2可以在浮动轴套6和齿轮5之间产生足够且必要的预紧接触力。补偿装置的结构简单。然而，由于补偿区的对称中心与驱动齿轮和从动齿轮的端面对称中心重合，液压压力的作用线（即补偿液压压力的合力）通过浮动轴套的中心，而轴套另一侧的液压反向推力的合力线偏离轴套的中心指向油压腔，这两个力在轴套上形成一个力偶。这个力偶容易使轴套倾斜，这不仅会增加端隙和泄漏，还会使轴套浮动不灵活并产生局部磨损。为了克服上述缺点，通常需要增加套筒与壳体之间的配合长度，并提高加工精度。

Figure n shows the structure of high pressure gear pump with floating side plate to realize automatic axial clearance compensation. In the pump, the backing plates 2 and 3, floating side plates 1 and 4 (the backing plate is 0.2mm thicker than the floating side plate) and sealing rings 5 and 6 (embedded in the oil drainage area inside the pump cover) are added between the housing 8, the front cover 9 and the rear cover 7. During operation, part of the pressure oil in the pressure oil area acts on the area surrounded by the sealing rings 5 and 6 through two small holes B on the floating side plate, reversely pushing the floating side plate to move inward slightly, so as to keep the axial clearance between 0.03 mm and 0.04 mm. In this way, more than 700% ~ 80% of the leakage can be controlled. Therefore, this kind of pump has high volumetric efficiency and is suitable for high pressure gear pump. The domestic cb-fx series medium and high pressure gear pump belongs to this kind of pump, and its rated pressure reaches 20MPa.

Figure o shows the structure of gear pump with automatic compensation of axial clearance and radial clearance. The left ends of the gear shafts 6 and 7 are in the housing 1 and the right end is in the cover plate 4. The shell is equipped with an axially floating side plate 3, which is similar to the floating sleeve in the end clearance compensation. The internal structure and shape of the shell can make the axial clearance and radial clearance be compensated at the same time. There is a large gap between the shaft hole of the side plate and the gear shaft, and between the depth of the shell and the width of the side plate, which is enough to make the side plate float axially and radially. On the outer end face of the side plate, there is a special shaped rubber sealing ring 2 embedded in the matching groove (see section A-A). The compensation area A1 is determined by the sealing ring, and the high-pressure oil in the pressure chamber of the pump is introduced through the high-pressure oil guiding hole B and acts on the area A1. The shape and size of area A1 balance the pressing force and thrust, and ensure that the axial clearance is the best value. Radial clearance compensation works within the angle Φ (see section B-B). The oil suction pressure acts on the rest of the circumference of the gear; the pressure of the oil pressure chamber acts on the inner surface of the side plate determined by the sector angle Φ of the gear and the width of the gear. This force presses the gear towards the oil suction chamber to the limit of the bearing clearance, and pushes the side plate towards the oil pressure chamber. The force acting on the side plate from the outside (working pressure × area A3) pushes the side plate towards the oil suction chamber, so it can automatically compensate within the range of Φ angle after radial wear. The compensation area A3 limited by the sealing ring 9 is designed to balance the force generated by it with the reverse thrust and keep the best clearance under a certain working pressure. At the bottom of the shell, the seal within the West angle range is guaranteed by two special elastic rings 5 (see section view C-C). The pre pressing force of the side plate on the gear is generated by the rubber sealing ring 9 in the radial direction and by the sealing rings 2 and 8 in the axial direction. The internal leakage oil passes through the shaft hole, and then leads into the oil suction chamber through the leakage hole a. Because the two kinds of clearance can be compensated to the best value, the gear pump with this structure can be used for higher working pressure.

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